Method of and apparatus for tunnel-work.



E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

1 METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

APPLICATION ,HLED JULY I5. 1907. I 1,156,830. Patented 0c t.12,1915.

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m. 5 Ike LIMLWGMINUIDMD z.

E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

APPLlCATfON FILED JULY 15. 1907.

Patented 0ct.12, 1915.

I4 SHEETSSHEET 2-. I

E'. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

METHOD or AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15. I907.

1,156,830. I Patented ()0t.12,1915.

l4 SHEETS-SHEET 3-.

mums FEIEM um. um; msmmmx. v

E. e. WILLIAMS & E. nqsno'ww. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY l5fl907.

Patentd 001. 12, 1915.v

I4 SHEETS-$HEET 41 All,"

RAPE: nuns 1m; LEXI1Q.WLSNYNGYON n c E. G; WILLIAMS & E. 5. BROWN.METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

' Patented 0ct.12,1915.

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A f k 1'4 SHEETS-SHEET 5-.

APPLICATION FILED IULYJS. I907.

E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEI. WORK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I5. 1907- uumsPmne M has msmcwu n c.

E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR IUNNEL WOR" APPLICATIONFILED JULY l5, |907.

' Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET 7- E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK. APPLICATION FILED JULY I5.I907. P 1,156,830; Patented Oct. 12, 191..

1+ SHEETS- SHEET 8.

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E. e. WILLIAMS & H; BROWN, METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORKLAPPLICATION FILED JULY 15. I907. Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

14 SHEET SSHEET 9.

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E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

METHOD 0r AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.'

APPLICATION HLED JULY I5, 1907.

Pat'canted Oct. 12, 1915.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET 10- Zfizeasza: I

E. G. WILLIAMS & E. H. BROWN.

- METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK.

APPLICATION FILED IUILY 15. I907.

1,156,830. Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

,H SHEETS-SHEET n.

NURMS FEIEls IMnLHrLWLsnmamN n c 5.6. WILLIA MS.& E... H. aaowu. METHODOF AND APPARATUSIOB TUNNEL WORK. APPLICATION HLED JULY I5. 1901.

1,156,830. Patented Oct. 12, 1915.

I4 SHEETS-SHEET l2.

E. G. WILLIAMS & E..H. BROWN.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL WORK. 7

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UNITED snares PATENT, oriucn.

EDWARD e. WILLIAMS AND ELMER H. BROWN, on WASHINGTHON, ms'rmczr orCOLUMBIA.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TUNNEL-WORK.

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed July 15,1907. Serial No. 383,929.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, EDWARDHG/I 'WIL- LIAMS and ELMER H. BROWN, citize sof the United States, residing. at Washington, in the District ofColumbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methodsof and Apparatus for Tunnel- Work; and we do hereby declare the fol--lowing to bee full, clear, and exact description of the invention, suchas will enable others skilled in the art'to which it appertains to makeand use the same.

Our invention relates to improvements in apparatus for placing concreteand the'like in tunnel work. a

In particular our invention relates to im-' hereinafter of our preferredembodiment of the invention, and from the claims. 4

In the drawings. Figure 1 isa side eleva-. tion of a side-wall'form inplace in a. tunnel, which is indicated in section; Fig. 2 a transversesection of the tunnel showing two side forms in end elevation; Fig. 3 adetail view of a part of one of the side forms. Fig. 4: a side elevationof an arch form; Fig.5 an end elevation of the same in place in atunnel; Fig. 6 a side elevation of a machine for placing material in thetunnel arch; Fig. 7 a plan of the same; Fig. 8 an end view of the same;Fig. 9 an end view of a modified arrangement employing two placingdevices; Fig. 10 a side elevation of amachine for supplying andpjlacingcon- Y crete; Fig. 11 a plan of the same; Figs. 12

to 15 views of av further embodiment of some features of our -invent1on.f ;f

A plant embodylng our invention 1n all its detailscomprises a pair oftraveling side-' wall forms, an arch-concreteplacing apparatus, and acombined concrete supplying and placing apparatus. The latter apparatushas a double function, in that at times I it supplies concrete to thearch-concrete placlng apparatus and again it may be used to placeconcrete in the side walls of the tunnel, as will be clear, from thedescription hereinafter.

The traveling side wall forms.The side Patented 0011.12, 1915. I

wall forms, Figs. 1 and 2, are practically.

alike in construction with the exception that one is a right andthejot-her a left. A description of one will sufiice for a. fullunderstanding of both, and hence the specific description of the righthand side form shown in Fig. 2, will be given. This side form comprisesa truss-frame A, having grooved rollers an arranged to run upon a rail alaid along the footing a of the tunnel wall, asshown in Fig. 2.- Uponthe inner side of. the truss-frame, that is to say, the side toward thecenter of the tunnel, are arranged a;

series of vertical struts B, Fig. 1, each consisting preferably of apair of channel iron beams suitably secured to the truss-frame withtheir backs slightly separated. To the outside of the truss-frame issecured the wall-form proper which may be of any desired construction,but preferably consists of a plurality ofmetal plates a secured tovertical timbers c. The-wall form is given a shape corresponding to thatof the inner face of the tunnel side-wall, and it is particularlyadvantageous to have this sidewall form archinward slightly at thejtopin order to form the lower portion of the 1 concrete arch lining,thereby giving a better clearance for the arch form, proper, orcentering, as will be more fully explained in the description of thetraveling arch form. In order to hold the wall-form in place, and at thesame time to avoid blocking the tunnel, suitable means for this purposeis provided, said means comprising in tunnels through rock, boltssecured in the rock, as indicated at D Dand arranged to hold the upperand lower portions of the wall forms.

The bolts at the upper portion ofthe wallforms are provided with eyesinto which are hooked suitable-hoobbolts D Whose loo inner ends arethreaded and provided with washers, each hook-bolt passing through theupper end of its respective vertical strut in the space between thechannel bars forming said strut; portion of the form pass the lower partof the wall-form proper, the

The bolts D at the lower through holes in engagement with they areformis now readyfor placing of concrete,

-bolts are loosened, thus letting endsof said bolts beingthreaded andpr0- For the purpose of allowing the ready transportation of theside-wall forms from one location to the next, a plurality of swingingbracesfE, are-hinged tov the yer-- tical struts, these swinging bracesbeing pro Vided at their lower ends with rollers, c, which are arrangedto run upon a rail 6, laid on the tunnel floor. In order to move theswinging braces inward to bring the rollers'into contactwith thecorresponding rail ej or outward-s0 as to be flat against the side wallform, and to hold the braces in any position to which they may beadjusted,

suitable means is em loyed, for example.

jack-screws 6 Fig connected to the braces and to the. truss-frame A. Inusing this side-wall form the lower bolts D are put in place when thefooting of the sidewall is laid, which is done prior to the use of theside-wall forms. The upper eye-bolts D are'set in holes drilled into thesolid rock, being held by expansion belts in a well known manner. Theside-wall form is run along its tracks a. e" to the desiredlocation, theswinging braces E being swung inward so that their rollers will moveupon the rail e. T he hook bolts D are brought into the eye-bolts D, thebolts D are connected at the bottom andthe form thereby drawn into placeThe swinging braces may then be swung back flat against the inner faceof the form, if desired, where held by the-jaclescrews 6 The which canbe done in any suitable way, but preferably by means of theconcrete-supplying and placing apparatus hereinafter described. So soonas the concrete is set, the swinging braces E are moved inward at thebottom by means of the jack-screws, and the' the weight ofthe form restupon the two rails, of, e. ThQlIQOk bolts are then unhooked from theeyebolts and pushed along to its next location where it is again fixedin place in the manner hereinbefore described.

The traveling arch fomm-T his comprises two side trusses, F, Figs. 4cand 5, mounted on rollers f arranged to run upon the rails a located atthe bottom of the tunnel upon -.the footings of the side walls. Uponthese side trusses F is mounted an arch form or centering, consisting ofarchedstructural iron steel. ribs G, each having its ends connected. bya tie-rod 9 provided. with a suitable adjusting means such as a.turnbnohle g. Eaclrrib G is trussedby a plurality of horizontal'andverticalbraces g as indicated in Fig. 5 so as to leave ple'nt'y'ofclearance through the center of the archform, this form of bracing ortrussing of the top sill wedge blocks loosened the side-wall "form canbe- I are provided workmen. The ribs Gr are covered with lagging H, andare supported uponlongitudinalgirders 1 Between these girders and of theside trusses F are pro- Vided means for bodily raising and lowering thearch form, this means comprising jacks.

indicated at For the purpose of holding the arch form steadily and toassist in bringingthe arch form into its correct operative position,wedge blocks 1' x5 and bearing blocks i are provided between the topsills, of the side trusses F and the longitudinal girders 1, thesewedge-blocks being held against lateral displacement by tongue andgroove connections with each other and wth the respective bearing blocks2' above and below them. as will be clez r from Fig. 5. In order toholdthe wedge-blocks of a pair in the proper relation to each other whenthe arch form is adjusted by the jacks 2 to its proper height, the lowerblocl: 52" of each set has a hook? which engages a pin 2- in itscompanion block. lVhe'n the arch the arch form is known to be atitscorrect height, assuming of course that the rails a. are at. the propergrade. Since these rails rest upon the concrete footings of the sidewalls, as indicated in Figs. 2 and 5, and as these footings are usuallysurfaced carefully on top, the rails a. arela'id to the proper gradewithout difficulty. When the concrete placed upon the arch form has setand it is desired to vadvance 'LllQTEOZ'IH, the hooks i may be releasedfrom their pins '5 the 'andthe jacks lowcred, thus lowering the archform and freeing it from the concrete lining. Thereupon the whole archform is moved. forward to the next location where it is again raised toplace by the aclrs, the wedge blocks driven up and the hooks. latchedover the pins. As the concrete which is put in'pl'ace by the aid of theside wall forms includes the lower part the concrete arch, there is nodifiiculty in clearing the arch form" from the set concrete abo e itwhen lowering. the form. The turnbucltlcs g in the tierods g u as amatter oi precaution to djustnients in the width of permit sli gl thearch form. to be made readily, and to enable thearch "form. to be drawnin slightly at the bottom, which its elasticity will pen ,mit, in orderto free it from the concrete in case it should stick.

From Fig. 5 it will be seen that the cen-- tral portion of the trussingis so arranged that by removing" two bolts, the central dependent braceand the two horizontal braces connected with thebottom of the dependentbrace maybe swung to one side, as

shown Figs. 6, 7 and 8, is similar to thatdescribed by the dotted linesthus leaving a clearhead room for a purpose hereinafter explained.

I I Furthermore, the turn buckle 9' may be unscrew-ed so that thetwohalves of the tension rod 9 may be swung to one side, for

example, in an upward direction, as indi cated in dotted lines in saidFig. 5, in which position the said halves of the tension rod may be'secured in-any suitable way as by tying. This provision of a trussarranged to be removed out of the center of the arch form','a-llo ws.the concrete placing machine,

when lowered to its lowest position, to pass that "instead of waitingthirty-six hours for the'concrete to set above one arch form,- thearch'concrete placingmachine can be run ahead, another-arch form can berun over it into place and the placing of the concrete over said secondarch form can be proceeded with, and so,-also, with a third, or a fourtharch .form, if desired. Then when thelast 26' *itsconcrete to set, allthe arch forms can be struck and run ahead, this greatly reducing thetime'necessary for the work.

1 The arch concrete placing -appamtus.-

form has stood thirty-six hours in place for This apparatus indicatedgenerally at. K,

in ourPatent No. 829903, differingpri'ncipall-yjin'the fact that it neednot bemade to swing in an arc of acircle, but merely traverses thetunnel on-a pair of transverse rails, is, laid upona suitablesubstructnre, L, which may be of any desired construction to hold themachine at the required height 'for its work. Preferably thissubstructure is the same as that descr bed in our said patent, beingopen underneath to form a passageway for the tunnel traffic,

and mounted on rollers or wheels, Z, which run upon the rails e on whichthe. side-wall forms'run. This arch concrete placing machine can beraised and lowere'd bodily while maintaining the horizontal dischargeportion of its conveyer in asubstantially hori-.

zontal plane, suitable jack-screws is, being provided for this purpose,these screws being driven by worm-wheels engaged by worms ifontransverse shafts A? which shafts are connected for simultaneous movment. as for example. by a sprocket-chain k One of the transverseshaftsis driven by a suitable motorfor example, an electric motorindicated at M. For the purpose of conveniently moving the machinetrans- "ersely, a motor M is provided which has a gear-wheel m engaginga corresponding gear m on a longitudinal axle m ]ournaled in bearings mon the underside of the machine frame and having rollers or wheels mtfixed to it. The machine has a hopper, k which receives the concrete,and conveytunnel independently of the other part.

ing means, as for example, a-belt which carries the concrete up theinclined portionof the conveyer and then along the l1ori= zontal portionto the place of discharge over the arch-form. The construction of theframe, the belts and the means for drivin the same may be as disclosedin our sai patent, and hence need not be specifically described herein.1

For the purpose of. guiding the machine in its vertical movement whenraised or low ered by the jack screws 7;, suitable guide posts, asindicated at 70 may be secured to the machine base as shown in Fig. 6.The method of operating this device is as follows: The arch-form beingin place, the machine is moved toward the arch form until the horizontalportion of its conveyer extends into the. space between the archform-andthe tunnel roof, as shown in Fig. 6. Owing to the fact'that the machinecan be raised or lowered, and can travel latermum-amount of handling. Inwide tunnels 'and where great rapidity of 'COIIStIUCtIOII'IS desirable,two such arch-concrete placing machines may be employed, these two beingfed from a common supplying apparatus, as for example, the concretesupplying and placing apparatus hereinafter, described. In Fig. 9 isshown a substructure provided with two suchar'ch-concrete placingdevices, these being intended to work each at its own; side of the archin aj direction toward each other, until the machines meet, whereuponone machine is withdrawn, and the other used to complete the centralportion of the arch. lVith this. construction the substructure is madein two parts, each part being capable of movement, longitudinally of tenthis case, of course, the tunnel is assumed to be wide enough to allowvtraffic tracks through each substructure, since if it'were tunnel. Inthe embodiment shown, in Figs.

10 and 11, taken. with Figs. 6 and 7, the said apparatus is mounted in asubstructure similar to that employed with the arch-concrete placingapparatus and arranged to bedetachably coupled to the latter whendesired, as. for example, by means of bolts n Fig. 6,

v which pass through a transverse girder Z on the front of thesubstructure L of the archconcrete placing device and through a similargirder n on the rear end of the substructure. N. The trout end of thesubstructure .for the combined concrete supplying apparatus is arrangedto overhang somewhat as shown in Fig. 10, and on the upper side 01 thisoverhanging part is mounted a frame-work N carrying a rearwardprojecting overhead track N which has an overhanging part which may besuitably braced as shown in Fig. 10 by braces 17. On this overhead trackmoves a carriage N to which ,the hoisting device is attached, this beingshown conventionally in the drawing as an larly adjustable, that andrope an. arranged to ordinary pulley n In practice the hoisting hoist abucket n".

device is similar to that shown in our Patent 629903. The conveyingapparatus conslsts of a belt conveyer P, arranged to swing verticallyand mounted on a turn-table platform P, provided with rollers running oncurved rails p 7;, Fig. .11 carried by the substructure X. The conveyoris guided in its vertical movements by posts, secured to the turntableplatform. The conveyer belt is driven by a motor R, in the usual way.Above the lower end of the conveyer and over the center of theturntable, is mounted a} hopper S, above which terminates theoverhanging portion of the overhead track of the elevating apparatus sothat the bucket a may be discharged into the hopper. For the purpose ofmoving the substructure longitudinally on the tunnel-tracks, a motor, S,is provided, this being mounted on the substructure as shown andarranged to drive a transverse shaft 3 which is provided at each endwith sprocket wheels .9 which are connected by sprocket chains 8 wheels8 fixed to the track wheels a of the substiaicture, as will be clearfrom the drawings Initheernbodiment shown, the motor for propellingtheysubstructure is a compressed air motor, and this is coupled to thetransverse shafts by aworm gear indicated at 8 1 v The apparatus justdescribed has two functions, viz. to place concrete in the side walls ofthe tunnel andv to supply concrete to the arch-concrete placingapparatus, Owing to the fact that the conveyer is angus to say, in anarc in a horizontal direction and also can be adjusted at differentangles in a vertical ranged overt-he tunnel plane it can follow thehopper of the archconcrete placing apparatus and thus permits the latterapparatus to be moved freely fronr one position to another transversely,

maintaining a supply from the elevating or hoisting apparatus which ofnecessity is artracks. The hopper S of this combinedfidevice ismadelarge enough to act as a storage receptacle for a short interval,thusmaintaining the plant in fed from an intermittentsourfce oi supplyplacto sprocket can be swung inon' means for supplying crete-placingdevices, this while ing concrete for the side-walls, the corn eyer swungto,the desired side and discharges the concrete back of the side wallforms. During this work this apparatus is not bolted or otherwiseconnected to the sub structure of the arch-concrete placing apparatus,and being means of propulsion can be readily and quickly moved along itstrack to discharge at any desired point behind the said side wall forms.Moreover, it can be swung from. one side to the other by hand so that itcan work on either side wall.

In the use of a plant embodying our invention, the concrete footings forthe side walls are first put in place in. any desired Qway, preferably,however, by shoveling the and set in operation to build the side walls.

Then the side wall forms are moved farther into the tunnel. to theirnext location and the side walls completed at such new location. Next,the arch-concrete placing apparatus is run into the tunnel and behind itthe arch-form. The combined concrete placing and supplyingapparatuscannow feed the arch concrete placing apparatus, which places the concreteof the arch, while sections or" the side walls which are within thesidewall forms are setting. As soon as ]the arch-concrete'hasbeen'plac'ed, and while the same is setting, the side-wall forms can bemoved. ahead to the next section and the combined placing and supplyingapparatus brought into operation to build the new section of side walls,during which time the concrete .arch is setting. At the end ot'this timethe arch form is lowered and moved ahead to the next section, thenraised into place and the work of building the new sec tion of the archmay be proceeded with. it will be seen that by the use of this plant,the. work can be carried on rapidly While at the same time the concreteis. given suflicient "time to set before the forms are moved. 4

In Figs. 12 to 15 is illustrated another structure embodying'some of thefeatures of the invention. Referring to these figures, it will beobserved that the embodiment of our invention, therein illustratedcomprises two concrete placing devices indicated generally by the Romannumerals l. and H, and comboth of said conbeing indicated generally Eachconcreteplacing de vice comprises a conveyer T extending in thedirection of. the length of the tunnel and having a horizontal sectionandan-inclined section, and a, conveyer T" extending transversely totheaxis of-the tunnel, this conveyer discharging into a hopper T at the Gmken-m.

furnished with its own lower end of the inclined section of the1ongitudinal conveyer and having a hopper .T of its own through which itis fed. The concrete placing device is provided with a suitableframe-work by means of'which the parts are held in proper relation toeach other, the frame-work being mounted on a su1 )er-carriage 21 whichcan move on wheels 21 in the direction of the length of the tunnel uponrails 22, tied. together by members 23 and constituting a traversingcarriage which can move transversely of the tunnel upon transversetracks 24: carried upon a suitable substructure '25. In the preferredembodiment of our invention, this substructure consists of two parts,indicated generally at V and V each of which 1s similar to thesubstructure described in our said patent in that it is arranged so asto provide a passage way for the traffic over the tunnel track which itbridges. In the example illustrated, the substructure may be consideredas comprising two traveling platforms, or frame-work each' mounted upontracks in, its respective tunnel-tube so that it may be moved in thedirection of the length of the tunnel. The traveling platforms alsocarry transverse rails 26, 27, 28,

travel the concrete-placing devices, and the v said overhead trackdevice is located between the two concrete placing devices, being hi henough to bridge all the mechanism of thfiatter except theconcrete-placing con- Veyers. All the tracks carried by the twoplatforms are in two sections, one sect on be ing carried by eachplatform, so that the said platforms may be moved. independently of eachother and when brought side by side in alinement, the overhead trackdevice, the hoist mechanism, and the concrete-placing devices may bemoved as desired along the respective tracks. The intermediate portionsof the said tracks overhang the respective portions of the substructureand may be supported by temporary blocking or posts, or generally .bythe center wall of a twin tube tunnel, when usetoin such a place.

The operation of this de ce is as follows:

- The concrete brought into the tunnel over the usual tunnel tracks islifted in buckets from the cars on said tracks by the hoist mechanism. 1As thisfcan travel transversely of the tunnel it can lift the bucketsfrom either tunnel tube and can travel laterally of the tunnel until itsoverhead track or runway is in line with the track of the overhead trackdevice. Then the bucket, which is supported by a traveler inthe-usualway can be moved longitudinally of the tunnel along theoverhead. track, which is adjustable laterally so that it may deliverthe bucket overeither hopper of the respective concrete-placing devices,whereupon the bucket is discharged and returned to the hoist mechanism,which then is actuated to' lower the bucket to the car on the respectivetunnel track.' The transversely arrangedconveyers of theconcrete-placing devices deliver the concrete to the hoppers of thelongitudinally arranged conveyers, from whence it is removed by saidlatter conveyers and discharged at the desired points. The concreteplacing devices have means for vertically adjusting the longitudinallyarranged conveyers, as for example, the jacks indicated at X.Furthermore, the transversely arranged conveye'rs are arranged to swingin a vertical plane and have a limited amount of movement together withtheir hoppers, in a direction transverse to the tun-= nel. so that asthe longitudinally arranged conveyers are adjusted vertically, thedischarge ends of. the respective transverse conveyers may be kept overthe hoppers of Q a said longltudlnally arranged-conveyers.

Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim, is

1. In a machine for tunnel work, the combination, withan arch form and aside-wall form, of an arch-concrete placing devicearranged to placematerial over the arch-form,

and an angularly movable conveyer ar ranged to supply material to thearch-concrete placing device and to the side-wall form.

2. .In a machine for tunnel work, the combination, with an arch 'form,and a sidewall form, of an arch-concrete placing device arranged toplace material over the arch form", 'a nd a concrete supplying mechanismarrangtd to supply material interchangeably to itiie arch-concreteplacing device and to the s d'c-wall form.

3.- In machine for tunnel work, the combination, with an arch form, anda pair of side-wall forms, of anarch-concrete placing apparatus mountedbetween the side-wall forms and arranged to (place material over thearch-form, and an angularly movable concrete supplying mechanismarranged to supply material. lnterchangeably to either side-wall formand also to the arch-concrete placing device.

4. In apparatus for constructingtunnels, the combinationiot an archform, side-wall forms arranged advance of the arch form,

ill

, veyer, and means forthe first tracks, and

a concrete-placing mechanism arranged to place material over the archform, a con= imparting an angular movementto the conveyer whereby itmaysupply material to the concrete placing 'mechanism or behind the sideforms.

5. In apparatus for constructing tunnels, the'combina-tion of paralleltracks, an arch form arranged't'o travel on the outer tracks, aconcrete-placing mechanism arranged to travel on the inner track, and tosupply ma- ':.terial over the arch form, and side forms "arranged totravel on one rail each of. both tracks. p 6. In a machine for tunnelwork, the combination, with an arclfsform, frames upon which said archform is supported, and

tracks upon which said frames move, of a concrete placing devicearranged to place concreter over the arch form, a substructure uponwhich said device is supported and.

tracks upon which said substructure runs, said tracks beingsubstantially parallel to a side form arranged to run upon one rail eachof both tracks.

i 7 In amachine for tunnel work, the com-i bination,

with an arch form, frames upon which said arch form is supported, and

tracks upon whic said frames'move, of a concrete placing device arrangedtcfplace concrete over the arch form, a suhstrrcture upon-which saiddevice is supported and tracks upon which said substructure runs, saidtracks being substantially parallel to the first tracks, a side formarranged to run upon one rail each of bothtracks, and a conveyingmechanism arranged to del1ver, concrete to the arch-concreteplacingdevice'and to the side form.

8. In anarch form, arched ribs and adjustably tensionable tierodconnecting the ends of said ribs, of a truss bracing composed of aplurality of horizontal and vertical members, the vertical membershaving, their upper ends secured to the said ribs, the lowest horizontalmembers having their opposite ends secured to the ribs and to the lowerends of the low est vertical members, and the intermediate horizontal'members having their opposite ends secured to the lower end of onevertical member and to an intermediate point of the frame and bracesarranged to run upon par' allel tracks. 7 i f 10. The combination, witha pair of sidewall forms having curved upper ends, to form the lowerportion of the arch, and a carriage for supporting and transporting saidform, of an arch form arranged to,

form the remainder of the arch, and means combination of combination,the combination, with at any desired arsenal independent of theside-wall form and its carriage for supporting and transporting saidarch form.

1 1. In apparatus for building tunnels, the combination of a travelingconcrete-placing mechanism, and a series of traveling forms arranged tomove telescopically'past the said placing niechanisf rand besuccessively secured in position to receive materialtherefrom.

12. In apparatus for building tunnels, the a traveling concrete-placingmechanism, and a series of traveling are 1 forms, each having trussbracing so arranged as to provide clear head room whereby the said formsmay be moved telescopically past the placing mechanism and besuccessively brought into position to receive material therefrom. i

13. In apparatus for building tunnels, the,

combination of a concrete-placing mechanism, whereby it may extendeither over or below an arch. form, and a traveling arch form ar rangedto move telescopically past said placing mechanism and be secured inposition to receive material therefrom.

14. In a machine for tunnel Work, the combination, with an arch form.and a side wall form arranged in advance of the arch form, of avertically and laterally movable concrete placing device arranged toplace material over the arch form, and a concrete supplying mechanismarranged to supply material interchangeably to the side wal form and toth'e arch concrete placing device in any adjusted position of thelatter.

15. In a machine for tunnel work, the with an arch-form," frames uponwhich said arch-form is supported, and a concrete-placing devicearranged to place concrete over the arch-form, said concreteplacingdevice being arranged to receive materials at a point below the top ofthe arch-form, of a substructure on which said concrete-placing deviceis mounted,

upon which said substructure runs, said 1 tracks being substantiallyparallel. to the first more; a side-wall form'arranged to run upon onerail each of both -tra'cks, and conveying means mounted upon the substructure and arranged to move into means for adjusting said mechanism

